Edinburgh Napier University

  This thesis investigates the operation of the current transfonner (CT) when sensing
retum-to-zero current pulses in power electronic circuitry.
The CT's output signal is nonnally rectified when sensing current pulses and the
effects of the different rectification techniques on peak current and average current
droop are evaluated. Initially, the various current sensing techniques and their
application in power electronics circuits are reviewed. The CT and both diode and
synchronous rectification are then reviewed in more detail.
Operation of the CT with diode rectification (DR) and natural resetting is investigated.
Three operating modes are identified. These are the discontinuous magnetizing
current, continuous magnetizing current and discontinuous secondary current modes.
The error (droop) in the average output signal obtained is found to be predominantly
defined by CT core losses. Coefficients are given for correcting the error due to droop,
provided that the discontinuous secondary current mode is avoided. Diode
rectification with the dual CT arrangement is also investigated.
Operation of the CT with synchronous rectification (SR) and natural resetting is then
investigated. The SR topologies possible using a discrete MOSFET are categorized.
During experimentation the arrangement used to drive the MOSFET's gate is found to
be important if distortion is to be minimized. It also is found that the average current
droop is dependent on the oscillatory behaviour of the resetting circuit and has an
effectively random component. The magnitude of this component is defined by the
voltage drop exhibited by the SR MOSFET's intrinsic anti-parallel diode.
SR is then implemented using a commercially available analogue switch. The
problems detailed with the use of a discrete MOSFET are largely alleviated. Another
benefit is that the increased restriction on maximum duty factor imposed by
introducing a discrete MOSFET is also eased. However, whichever SR technique is implemented, an operational amplifier is used and the transient response of this circuit
element is important.
A method of minimizing droop by indirect sensing of the CT's peak core flux
excursion is then presented. A corresponding correcting voltage is applied in series
with the CT's output terminals during a current pulse. The magnitude of this voltage
is based on the magnitude of the resetting voltage sensed during previous switching
cycles. A circuit is implemented and simulated. Experimental results are presented.
A switched-mode circuit operating at a frequency higher than that of the main power
circuit is then used to apply the correcting voltage with the objective of reducing the
power drawn. Again, the circuit is implemented and simulated and experimental
results are presented.