Edinburgh Napier University

  This chapter provides a comprehensive analysis of the present state of knowledge regarding future interactions between electric vehicles (EVs) and the smart grid. In particular, the integration of smart infrastructure with renewable energy sources (RES) will be discussed. Future EV deployment and the ultimate goal of the smart grid present a number of challenges for the electric grid's control, infrastructure, and communication. EVs can assist the grid in managing frequency and voltage, peak power level, and reactive power in order to enhance operational efficiency, grid protection, and power system costs. Findings from many research show that smart grids improve EV compatibility. In addition, there is a need for more research on vehicle-to-grid (V2G) systems as alternative energy storage. Also, few studies have addressed communication latency, routing protocols, and cyber security, which are crucial for the adoption of a framework for V2G transactions in a smart grid that is reliable and effective. Vehicle manufacturers are concerned about the limitations of EV technology, including the lack of low-cost, high-efficiency power converters for EV chargers. The deterioration of V2G batteries is another concern, but recent research on implementing lithium Ferro phosphate batteries has shown promise. To increase its adoption, additional research on battery life extension and the effectiveness of V2G is required.