Edinburgh Napier University

  Behavioral diversity is known to benefit problem-solving in biological social systems such as insect colonies and human societies, as well as in artificial distributed systems including large-scale software and swarm-robotics systems. We investigate methods of evolving robot swarms in which individuals have heterogeneous behaviours. Two approaches are investigated to create swarm of size n. The first encodes a repertoire of n behaviours on a single individual, and hence evolves the swarm directly. The second approach uses two phases. First, a large repertoire of diverse behaviours is evolved and then another evolutionary algorithm is used to search for an optimal allocation of behaviours to the swarm. Results indicate that the two phase approach of generate then allocate produces significantly more effective collective behaviors (in terms of task accomplishment) than the direct evolution of behaviorally heterogeneous swarms.