Edinburgh Napier University

  5G will support significantly faster mobile broadband speeds and extensive mobile data usage, as well as enabling the full potential of the Internet of Things. From virtual reality and autonomous cars, to the industrial internet and smart cities, 5G will be at the heart of the future of communications. Like conventional bands, 5G applications will have to utilize higher frequency bands in the millimeter-wave region to enable wider bandwidth and higher data rates. The higher frequencies, wider bandwidths, and the need for beamforming, beam steering, and multiple beams are significant challenges to antenna designers. Low-profile efficient antennas to ensure reliable and interference-free communications are needed, but requirements for increased power, larger bandwidth, higher gain, and insensitivity to the presence of the human user further complicate the antenna and propagation aspects. This indicates the need for novel ideas and very innovative solutions in antenna design.